A lack of consensus about the narrative of the 1992-1995 war, political disagreements about the future of the country, significant economic problems, and various foreign influences have recently intersected 1to further intensify ethnic and political tensions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Within this byzantine web of potentially destructive factors, the impact in the Western Balkans of the international foreign fighter phenomenon has additionally complicated the security situation in BiH. The attention of security officials was first drawn to Salafi extremism by several terrorist attacks and terrorism-related incidents in BiH in that were carried out by adherents of Salafism. This focus then intensified as the issue of foreign 2fighting became a pressing international concern. From 2012 to 2016, Bosnian security agencies estimate that around 240 citizens of BiH departed to ISIS territory. Fears of potential domestic terrorism rose when some of these foreign fighters began returning home. Domestic security agencies have thus focused for the past several years on identifying and repressing the growth of Salafi groups linked to violence; but research respondents have indicated that the increasing friction between ethnic groups and the reinvigoration of radical political rhetoric – which some foreign and domestic analysts argue has brought the country to the brink of a new conflict – must also be given more attention going forward.